磁気嵐起源の「下から上」へ伝わった地球大気最上部の変動を発見

2024年11月15日 16:00:00
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2023年2月26日、国立極地研究所と他の大学・研究機関の研究グループは、世界初となる高度500km付近でのヘリウム減少現象の観測に成功しました。この現象は、磁気嵐によって引き起こされ、観測はスバールバル諸島のロングイヤービンで行われました。この観測により、磁気嵐の影響が地球大気に「下から上」へと急速に伝搬し、宇宙天気の予報精度の向上や予測範囲の拡大に寄与することが期待されています。観測結果は、磁気嵐発生後1時間以内にヘリウムが急減し、その後数日間続くことが確認されました。

高度500 kmのヘリウムの観測、宇宙天気予報の改善や拡張に貢献

【概要】
国立極地研究所、東北大学、電気通信大学、産業技術総合研究所の研究グループは、2023年2月26日世界共通時19時頃に発生した磁気嵐によって、地球大気の最上部（高度500 km付近）に存在するヘリウムが急激に減少する現象を世界で初めて観測しました。この現象は、スバールバル諸島ロングイヤービン（北緯78度）に設置された光学機器と大型レーダーの同時観測により明らかになり、磁気嵐発生後わずか1時間以内にヘリウムの減少が観測され、その後数日程度減少は継続しました。この観測結果は、磁気嵐の影響が地球大気の内部で「下から上」へと伝搬し、地球大気の外縁部で人工衛星や国際宇宙ステーションが飛翔する高度に予想以上の速さで到達したことを示し、社会インフラを支える「宇宙天気」の予報精度の改善や予測高度範囲の拡張に貢献すると考えられます。

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