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「音の擬態でコウモリを欺く」甲虫ハンミョウの奇策


生物の中には擬態という能力を発達させた者たちがいます。

この擬態のうち、自分自身は毒を持たないのに有毒な生物に見た目を似せることで天敵から身を守るタイプがありますが、普通これは色や模様などの視覚的な擬態です。

ところが、甲虫の一種である「ハンミョウ(Tiger beetle)」は、見た目ではなく音を擬態するという変わった能力を進化させていることが明らかになりました。

米フロリダ自然史博物館(FLMNH)の研究によると、ハンミョウはコウモリが嫌う毒蛾の超音波を模倣することで捕食を回避していたのです。

コウモリはエコロケーション(反響定位)という超音波を使って、夜行性の昆虫の居場所を探り当てます。そのためコウモリの耳は生物の発する超音波も聴こえています。

そこでハンミョウはコウモリを避けるために毒虫の視覚的な特徴ではなく、音の特徴を擬態する方向に進化したようです。

研究の詳細は2024年5月15日付で科学雑誌『Biology Letters』に掲載されています。

目次

  • 長年謎だったハンミョウが超音波を発する理由

長年謎だったハンミョウが超音波を発する理由

ハンミョウは近くでコウモリの声を聞くと自らも超音波を放つのですが、その理由は誰にもわかっていませんでした。

考えてみると不思議なものです。

天敵が接近したのなら黙っていればいいのに、なぜ自分の居場所がバレそうなことをするのでしょうか?

研究チームは30年来つづくこの謎を解明しようと考えました。

甲虫の一種ハンミョウ
甲虫の一種ハンミョウ / Credit: Harlan M. Gough/Florida Museum of Natural History(phys, 2024)

調査ではまず、実験セットに固定したハンミョウがコウモリの超音波を聞くと、自らも超音波で反応することを確認しました。

その方法は4枚の翅(はね)を使うものです。

甲虫の翅は背中を覆う硬い「上翅(じょうし)」内側の柔らかい「下翅(かし)」に分かれます。

上翅は主に体を保護するためのものであって、飛ぶためには使われません。

ハンミョウはこの持ち上げた上翅の縁に、高速で動く下翅をこすり合わせることで独特の超音波を出していたのです。

こちらが実際の映像で、途中でキュウィウィンとなるのがその超音波になります。

私たちの耳には大して嫌な音に聞こえませんが、高周波を拾うことのできるコウモリや他の昆虫にはもっと大きな音に聞こえると思われます。

では、なぜ超音波を発するのでしょうか?

まず考えられるのは「コウモリのエコロケーションを妨害する説」ですが、この仮説はチームによりすぐに除外されました。

実際にコウモリのエコロケーションを妨害する昆虫はいますが、その音は数回のクリック音を短時間で何度も繰り返す非常に複雑なものです。

一方でハンミョウの超音波はあまりに単純すぎて、コウモリの探知を妨害する能力はありませんでした。

次に考えられるのは「自らの有毒性を知らせている説」です。

有毒な生物は、警告色と呼ばれる派手な体色を持つことが知られています。こうすることで、有毒な生物は自分が危険で餌にならないと周囲に知らせ捕食を回避するのです。

そして一部の蛾などの有毒な化学成分を持つ昆虫は体色ではなく、音で自身が有毒であり「不味い餌だぞ」と警告することが知られています。

実際コウモリは、有毒なヒトリガ(tiger moth)の放つ音を聞くと捕食を回避します。

ではハンミョウの放つ超音波は、警告色の音バージョンなのでしょうか?

確かにハンミョウは、シアン化水素のような捕食者に対する防御化学物質を作り出していることが知られています。

そのため、研究者はハンミョウの超音波は有毒な昆虫の持つ特徴なのだと考えました。

ところがコウモリを用いた捕食実験をしてみると、94匹中90匹のハンミョウがコウモリに完食されており、ハンミョウはコウモリにとって有害どころから大好物の部類に入ることがわかったのです。

こちらが実際の実験の映像。

(※ 苦手な方は閲覧にご注意ください)

毒があるからと言って、それが必ずしも特定の生物にとっては障害にならない場合があります。ハンミョウの持つ毒がコウモリに対して障害になっていないということを示した実験はこれが初めてです。

つまり、ハンミョウが毒虫だから警告色の音バージョンを発しているという説も否定されました。

しかしチームにはまだ最後の可能性が残されていました。

それが「コウモリにとって餌にならない有毒な生物の超音波を、ハンミョウが模倣している説」です。

たとえハンミョウ自身がコウモリの大好物であっても、コウモリの苦手な生物が発する超音波を出せば、捕食を回避できる可能性があります。

そして先ほども述べた通り、コウモリが苦手とする獲物の1つがヒトリガ(tiger moth)」です。

ヒトリガはコウモリが嫌う化学物質を産生しながら、さらに超音波を発して自らの存在をアピールすることが知られています。

そこでハンミョウとヒトリガの発する超音波を分析した結果、両者の周波数が見事に重なっていることが判明したのです。

ハンミョウの超音波を分析している様子
ハンミョウの超音波を分析している様子 / Credit: FLMNH –Tiger beetles fight off bat attacks with ultrasonic mimicry(2024)

さらにこの特徴はコウモリの標的とはならない昼行性のハンミョウには見られず、夜行性の種にだけ確認できました。

以上の結果から、ハンミョウはコウモリの苦手な毒蛾の超音波を真似することで、捕食回避する能力を身につけている可能性が高いと結論されたのです。

このように昆虫たちはコウモリの脅威から生き延びるために、視覚ではなく音の擬態という能力を進化させていたのです。

こうした捕食者と獲物の進化は、まるで軍拡競争のように発展していくことがあります。

コウモリと昆虫の軍拡競争に似た進化合戦については、こちらからご覧いただけます。

「コウモリとガ」の進化がまるで軍拡競争のようになっていた

全ての画像を見る

参考文献

Tiger beetles fight off bat attacks with ultrasonic mimicry
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/tiger-beetles-fight-off-bat-attacks-with-ultrasonic-mimicry/

元論文

Tiger beetles produce anti-bat ultrasound and are probable Batesian moth mimics
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0610

ライター

大石航樹: 愛媛県生まれ。大学で福岡に移り、大学院ではフランス哲学を学びました。 他に、生物学や歴史学が好きで、本サイトでは主に、動植物や歴史・考古学系の記事を担当しています。 趣味は映画鑑賞で、月に30〜40本観ることも。

編集者

ナゾロジー 編集部

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    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 156
    Function: process

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    Function: instanceBlock

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    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
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    Function: endChild

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    Line: 123
    Function: content_675a781dcbf339_49719938

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 238
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _execute

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/libraries/SmartyLibrary.php
    Line: 45
    Function: fetch

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/controllers/ArticleController.php
    Line: 32
    Function: view

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/public/index.php
    Line: 292
    Function: require_once

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    Line Number: 41

    Backtrace:

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php
    Line: 41
    Function: _error_handler

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d14aa11_83151422

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/d064ec4523cd2f49c67136b7b84705846d19c90b_0.file.side.tpl.php
    Line: 43
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b47775ef5_14228348

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 416
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 248
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 184
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 156
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/fbdaa42e51518f8881faeabdc1199f6dd175d1ce_0.file.base_index_layout.tpl.php
    Line: 88
    Function: instanceBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 71
    Function: endChild

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_675a781dcbf339_49719938

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 238
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _execute

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/libraries/SmartyLibrary.php
    Line: 45
    Function: fetch

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/controllers/ArticleController.php
    Line: 32
    Function: view

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/public/index.php
    Line: 292
    Function: require_once

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    Severity: Notice

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    Filename: smarty/49292b3df7e5bd60f7381ff16c5ca4532cf9476f_0.file.card.tpl.php

    Line Number: 24

    Backtrace:

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/49292b3df7e5bd60f7381ff16c5ca4532cf9476f_0.file.card.tpl.php
    Line: 24
    Function: _error_handler

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d136f97_11902452

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 384
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php
    Line: 41
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d14aa11_83151422

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/d064ec4523cd2f49c67136b7b84705846d19c90b_0.file.side.tpl.php
    Line: 43
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b47775ef5_14228348

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 416
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 248
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 184
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 156
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/fbdaa42e51518f8881faeabdc1199f6dd175d1ce_0.file.base_index_layout.tpl.php
    Line: 88
    Function: instanceBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 71
    Function: endChild

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_675a781dcbf339_49719938

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 238
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _execute

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/libraries/SmartyLibrary.php
    Line: 45
    Function: fetch

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/controllers/ArticleController.php
    Line: 32
    Function: view

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/public/index.php
    Line: 292
    Function: require_once

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    Severity: Notice

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    Filename: smarty/49292b3df7e5bd60f7381ff16c5ca4532cf9476f_0.file.card.tpl.php

    Line Number: 29

    Backtrace:

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/49292b3df7e5bd60f7381ff16c5ca4532cf9476f_0.file.card.tpl.php
    Line: 29
    Function: _error_handler

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d136f97_11902452

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 384
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php
    Line: 41
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d14aa11_83151422

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/d064ec4523cd2f49c67136b7b84705846d19c90b_0.file.side.tpl.php
    Line: 43
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b47775ef5_14228348

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 416
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 248
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 184
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 156
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/fbdaa42e51518f8881faeabdc1199f6dd175d1ce_0.file.base_index_layout.tpl.php
    Line: 88
    Function: instanceBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 71
    Function: endChild

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_675a781dcbf339_49719938

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 238
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _execute

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/libraries/SmartyLibrary.php
    Line: 45
    Function: fetch

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/controllers/ArticleController.php
    Line: 32
    Function: view

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/public/index.php
    Line: 292
    Function: require_once

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    Severity: Notice

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    Filename: smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php

    Line Number: 41

    Backtrace:

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php
    Line: 41
    Function: _error_handler

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d14aa11_83151422

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/d064ec4523cd2f49c67136b7b84705846d19c90b_0.file.side.tpl.php
    Line: 43
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b47775ef5_14228348

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 416
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 248
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 184
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
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