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「水垢」を防ぐコーティングの開発に成功!


水道の蛇口や電気ケトルなど水回りにいつの間にかこびりつく水垢は、カルシウムを含む水が原因であり、石灰(炭酸カルシウム)が堆積することで作られます。

この水垢を掃除して取り除くのは簡単ではなく、家庭では「厄介な問題」として頭を悩ませる人も少なくないでしょう。

水垢の付着は日常生活だけでなく、工業的な設備においてもありふれた問題でありながら、これまで解決されていませんでした。

ところが最近、スイス連邦工科大学チューリッヒ校(ETHZ)に所属するジュリアン・シュミット氏ら研究チームは、そんな水垢を防ぐコーティングの開発に成功しました。

対象の表面に微細な凹凸構造のコーティングを施すことで、石灰が付着して成長することを抑制できたのです。

研究の詳細は、2023年12月20日付の科学誌『Science Advances』に掲載されました。

目次

  • 家庭でも火力発電所でも厄介な「水垢」
  • 水垢を抑制するコーティングが開発される

家庭でも火力発電所でも厄介な「水垢」

家庭でよく見る水垢(ライムスケール)
家庭でよく見る水垢(ライムスケール) / Credit:Canva

電気ケトルなどに付着する「水垢」は、石灰(炭酸カルシウム)が堆積したものであり、「石灰鱗」や「ライムスケール」などと呼ばれます。

これを取り除くのは簡単ではなく、大抵の場合、酢や特別な除去剤を用いて堆積物を溶かします。

また同様の現象は、火力発電所などの熱交換器でも生じており、この場合は「ファウリング」と呼ばれています。

例えば、ファウリングによって熱交換器のパイプ内にわずか1mmの厚さのライムスケールが付着するだけでも、発電効率は約1.5%も低下します。

この損失を埋めわせるためには、追加で870万トンもの石炭を燃焼させる必要があるのだとか。

これらを考えると、身近な存在である「水垢」は、日常生活から工業施設に至るまで厄介な存在だと言えます。

では、それらが厄介で、なおかつ取り除くのが大変なのであれば、「そもそも表面に付着するのを防ぐ」ことはできないのでしょうか。

残念なことに、ライムスケールの付着を防ぐ研究は、これまでほとんど行われてきませんでした。

しかし今回、シュミット氏ら研究チームはこの課題に取り組み、成功を収めました。

水垢を抑制するコーティングが開発される

研究チームが開発したのは、水垢であるライムスケールの結晶(石灰質の結晶)の付着を防ぐコーティングです。

ライムスケールは、水の中に含まれる物質が表面に付着し、徐々に成長していくことで発生しますが、新しいコーティングは、物質の付着力を弱めることで、ライムスケールの成長を抑制しています。

凹凸構造のコーティング。ポリエチレンビーズによるテスト画像
凹凸構造のコーティング。ポリエチレンビーズによるテスト画像 / Credit:Julian Schmid(ETHZ)_Innovative coating prevents limescale formation(2024)

この新しいコーティングは、ヒドロゲル(ハイドロゲルとも言う。水を内部に含む物質)を材料にしています。

そして「フォトリソグラフィ」と呼ばれる写真の現像技術を応用したパターン作製技術を用いて、コーティング対象の表面の上に、微細な凹凸構造を作るのです。

研究チームによると、「このヒドロゲルの微細構造は、汚れの付着を抑制するサメ肌(楯鱗:じゅんりん)のような自然モデルを彷彿とさせる」とのこと。

実際、対象の表面がヒドロゲルで凹凸にコーティングされると、石灰質の結晶の接触面が小さくなり、接着力が低下します。

そしてコーティング上に弱い接着力で形成された結晶は、水流によって自然と除去されることが多くなります。

凹凸構造のコーティングにより、石灰質の結晶の付着面が小さくなり、水で流されやすくなる。表面には数μmの結晶しか残っていない
凹凸構造のコーティングにより、石灰質の結晶の付着面が小さくなり、水で流されやすくなる。表面には数μmの結晶しか残っていない / Credit:Julian Schmid(ETHZ)_Innovative coating prevents limescale formation(2024)

もちろん、このコーティングによって水垢(ライムスケール)の形成を完全に防ぐことはできませんが、結晶が大きく成長することを抑制することはできるのです。

実験では、ヒドロゲルでコーティングした表面に水を流すと、その表面には約10μmのライムスケール結晶が成長しましたが、その結晶の98%が水流で除去されました。

このことは、新しく開発されたヒドロゲルのコーティングが、水垢の防止に非常に効果的であることを示しています。

研究チームは、ヒドロゲルには生体適合性があり、環境にやさしいことから、化学物質を使用する従来の除去方法よりも優れていることを強調しています。

新技術を用いた「水垢防止コーティングのケトル」が入手できる日は近い!?
新技術を用いた「水垢防止コーティングのケトル」が入手できる日は近い!? / Credit:Canva

そして彼らは、この技術に関して特許を申請するのではなく、科学雑誌で公開することを選びました。

これにより、すべての関係者が自由にこの技術を用いて「水垢を抑制するコーティング」を開発・利用できます。

この技術が用いられた「水垢防止コーティングの電気ケトル」が登場するのも、そう遠くはないかもしれませんね。

全ての画像を見る

参考文献

Innovative coating prevents limescale formation
https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2024/02/innovative-coating-prevents-limescale-formation.html

元論文

Imparting scalephobicity with rational microtexturing of soft materials
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adj0324

ライター

大倉康弘: 得意なジャンルはテクノロジー系。機械構造・生物構造・社会構造など構造を把握するのが好き。科学的で不思議なおもちゃにも目がない。趣味は読書で、読み始めたら朝になってるタイプ。

編集者

海沼 賢: 以前はKAIN名義で記事投稿をしていましたが、現在はナゾロジーのディレクションを担当。大学では電気電子工学、大学院では知識科学を専攻。科学進歩と共に分断されがちな分野間交流の場、一般の人々が科学知識とふれあう場の創出を目指しています。

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    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
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    Function: endChild

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    Line: 123
    Function: content_675a781dcbf339_49719938

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 238
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _execute

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/libraries/SmartyLibrary.php
    Line: 45
    Function: fetch

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/controllers/ArticleController.php
    Line: 32
    Function: view

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/public/index.php
    Line: 292
    Function: require_once

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    Line Number: 41

    Backtrace:

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php
    Line: 41
    Function: _error_handler

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d14aa11_83151422

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/d064ec4523cd2f49c67136b7b84705846d19c90b_0.file.side.tpl.php
    Line: 43
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b47775ef5_14228348

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 416
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 248
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 184
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 156
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/fbdaa42e51518f8881faeabdc1199f6dd175d1ce_0.file.base_index_layout.tpl.php
    Line: 88
    Function: instanceBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 71
    Function: endChild

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_675a781dcbf339_49719938

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 238
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _execute

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/libraries/SmartyLibrary.php
    Line: 45
    Function: fetch

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/controllers/ArticleController.php
    Line: 32
    Function: view

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/public/index.php
    Line: 292
    Function: require_once

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    Filename: smarty/49292b3df7e5bd60f7381ff16c5ca4532cf9476f_0.file.card.tpl.php

    Line Number: 24

    Backtrace:

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/49292b3df7e5bd60f7381ff16c5ca4532cf9476f_0.file.card.tpl.php
    Line: 24
    Function: _error_handler

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d136f97_11902452

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 384
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php
    Line: 41
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d14aa11_83151422

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/d064ec4523cd2f49c67136b7b84705846d19c90b_0.file.side.tpl.php
    Line: 43
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b47775ef5_14228348

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 416
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 248
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 184
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 156
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/fbdaa42e51518f8881faeabdc1199f6dd175d1ce_0.file.base_index_layout.tpl.php
    Line: 88
    Function: instanceBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 71
    Function: endChild

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_675a781dcbf339_49719938

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 238
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _execute

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/libraries/SmartyLibrary.php
    Line: 45
    Function: fetch

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/controllers/ArticleController.php
    Line: 32
    Function: view

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/public/index.php
    Line: 292
    Function: require_once

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    Severity: Notice

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    Line Number: 29

    Backtrace:

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/49292b3df7e5bd60f7381ff16c5ca4532cf9476f_0.file.card.tpl.php
    Line: 29
    Function: _error_handler

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d136f97_11902452

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 384
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php
    Line: 41
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d14aa11_83151422

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/d064ec4523cd2f49c67136b7b84705846d19c90b_0.file.side.tpl.php
    Line: 43
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b47775ef5_14228348

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 416
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 248
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 184
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 156
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/fbdaa42e51518f8881faeabdc1199f6dd175d1ce_0.file.base_index_layout.tpl.php
    Line: 88
    Function: instanceBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 71
    Function: endChild

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_675a781dcbf339_49719938

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 238
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
    Line: 116
    Function: _execute

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/libraries/SmartyLibrary.php
    Line: 45
    Function: fetch

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/controllers/ArticleController.php
    Line: 32
    Function: view

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/public/index.php
    Line: 292
    Function: require_once

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    Filename: smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php

    Line Number: 41

    Backtrace:

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/08d1cc69876d91563afb9c1f4d21cc8b7b96caa4_0.file.tips.tpl.php
    Line: 41
    Function: _error_handler

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3d14aa11_83151422

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/d064ec4523cd2f49c67136b7b84705846d19c90b_0.file.side.tpl.php
    Line: 43
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b47775ef5_14228348

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
    Line: 114
    Function: getRenderedTemplateCode

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 217
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
    Line: 386
    Function: render

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/597cefa22c7600eaa32b117569a9685c70819274_0.file.show.tpl.php
    Line: 416
    Function: _subTemplateRender

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 248
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 184
    Function: callBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 186
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_internal_runtime_inheritance.php
    Line: 156
    Function: process

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/cache/smarty/fbdaa42e51518f8881faeabdc1199f6dd175d1ce_0.file.base_index_layout.tpl.php
    Line: 88
    Function: instanceBlock

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_resource_base.php
    Line: 123
    Function: content_66f26b3cb92fa0_94546305

    File: /www/wwwroot/homev2.kingsoft.jp/application/third_party/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_template_compiled.php
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